Tubifex tubifex pdf

Arrate Jorrin. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. ABSTRACT The formulation and preparation of artificial sediments to be used in chronic toxicity tests is an important issue in the standardisation process. In the present study, artificial sediment has been used with Tubifex tubifex Tubificidae, Oligochaeta in both culture and in day toxicity tests with spiked toxicants, in order to avoid the presence of occasionally important concentrations of some pollutants in sediments from apparently clean sites.

The addition of supplementary food to the sediment at the beginning of the test is necessary to get satisfactory reproductive levels at the end of the day chronic test, but this supplement of organic matter also provoked an additional increase of the levels of ammonia. The presence of ammonia at toxic levels in the artificial sediment during the first days after its preparation influences the quality of the water column and interstitial water, affecting the biological results of the test.

The behaviour of the worms that escaped from sediment resulted in a reduction of their feeding activity, reproduction, and also mortality during the chronic test. The weekly water renewal did not give better results in survival or reproduction at the end of the day tests. Therefore, this procedure is proposed for the reduction of ammonia, prior a toxicity test is conducted with artificial sediment, in order to avoid the presence of this compound at lethal or sublethal levels that could act as a confounding factor in chronic toxicity tests.

The lowest supplement of food 80 mg in a static exposure regime was chosen as satisfactory for the chronic test. Survival percentage and reproduction number of cocoons and number of young worms were comparable with the data reported in tests with natural sediments using Tubifex tubifex, although both adult worm and cocoon biomass values were significantly lower and can not be used as end-points in toxicity tests with artificial sediment as it has been formulated here. During the last There is a wide range of types of natural sedi- decade, several formulations have been proposed ments concerning their origin, the distribution of Walsh et al.

Stephenson et al. This artificial sediment has satis- ty test Burton ; Reynoldson et al. The use with Tubifex tubifex. Although it is not expected of artificial sediments seems also suitable when the artificial sediment to be as good as some measuring levels of metals accumulated in a natural sediment for the culturing of the species, long-term exposure, since it is more and more it is possible to demonstrate that control condi- difficult to find natural sediments unaffected by tions allow acceptable values for the test end- diffuse pollution.

This factor is a says or for spiking toxicants in toxicity tests. A ment of the clitella and gonads in worms. This experiment was designed to evaluate three Calcium carbonate was added to this suspension questions related to the sediment toxicity test: to adjust the pH 5.

The Culture experiment was duplicated using either de-chlori- nated water D or reconstituted water R to test Tubifex tubifex has been cultured in our laboratory for possible differences in both ammonia concen- at the University of the Basque Country for more tration and worm survival and reproduction.

Worms ml reconstituted water with slight aeration were cultured in artificial sediment placed in plas- which produced no or minimal re-suspension of tic containers of 15 length x 15 width x 7 the sediment. Into each beaker, four clitellated depth cm. The duration of the experiment was 28 aeration. Water column was first replaced once a days. Once the artificial sediment had the two factors.

In these beakers, pH, dissolved been prepared, the ml beakers were filled oxygen and N-NH3 were measured every week with 50 ml sediment and ml reconstituted in the water column and pH in the sediment, water, as in experiment 1, but in this case worms using a Sentron pH meter, WTW OXI were not added.

Along the experiment, water was added to com- After 28 days, the sediment was sieved pensate the loss by evaporation. Samples from the water column and and empty and young worms were counted. Adults of sediment interstitial water was performed by were left in de-chlorinated tap water for 4 hours sediment centrifugation 3. The same measurements were performed after Full cocoons were also placed on Whatman fil- a two-week oxidation period of the artificial ters to calculate their biomass.

Once weight variations. The water column was removed at number of juveniles per adult YgAd. Hatching the end of the 2-week period, the sediment was percentage was calculated as the percent of empty distributed into the test-beakers, and reconstitut- cocoons on the total number of cocoons. Somatic ed water added sediment:water. The cha- growth Gsom was calculated as the difference racteristics of the water column pH, dissolved between final and mean initial adult biomass.

Statistical analysis Experiment 2 Data were tested for normality Kolmogorov- Smirnov test and homogeneity of variances The evolution of the ammonia concentration in Barlett test using the software ToxRat Tox the overlying water and in sediment pore-water Rat Solutions GmgH It was then suspected that this behaviour to logarithms or square root for normalisation was an escape response to sediment pore-water and homogeneity of the variances.

Means of the loss of quality due to high levels of ammonia. At the end of the 28 days, was not possible Table 2. Dissolved oxygen and for these variables at each condition being tested pH suffered slight changes along the experiment, 80C, 80S, C and S Table 3. Thus, data but it seemed to be a tendency towards a pH from experiments from the two water sources increment in the water column along the experi- were pooled for statistical comparisons on the ment from about 7.

Sediment showed effects of different food supplements and water lower pH values than water column Table 2. In relation to the type of water used in the Adult mean mortality registered in experiment experiments, at the end of the day period, those 1 ranged from 8.

This high mortality in cases where reconstituted water had been used most of the studied conditions was interpreted as appeared to showed lower ammonia concentration related to the anomalous escape behaviour of the Table 3. Surv: Adultos supervivientes respecto a los 4 iniciales. The values of several chemical variables after this 2-week period are Ammonia concentration in the water column shown in Table 4.

Nitrates increased by the oxi- and in the sediment pore-water, in the absence dation process but their concentration after of oligochaete worms removal of the water column was below the level considered to be dangerous for aquatic organ- In Experiment 2, N-NH 3 concentration in isms.

At the end of the sediment, two weeks after the preparation of the artificial sediment f irst week, N-NH 3 levels increased in the under aeration to reduce the ammonia concentration. Views Read Edit View history. Tubifex Lamarck Spesies cacing ini secara biogeografinya mempunyai gaya pelataan metropolitan metropolitan distributiondimana ia boleh ditemukan hampir kebanyakkan tempat diseluruh dunia dan dilihat rentan dengan perbandingan atau perubahan iklim dan cuaca yang tidak menentu dan tidak seragam.

The genus includes the following species: Cacing tubifex boleh memakan banyak sumber organik caacing mereput dikawasan air, memakan detritus, dan makanan berasaskan sayuran dan tumbuhan yang biasanya boleh dilihat ditepi longkang, sungai atau parit.

Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Lastly, in poorly cleaned aquaria, Tubifex can become established as a pest species, covering the bottom of the aquarium in a thick carpet which may be considered unsightly.

This risk can be partially solved by keeping the worms under brisk running water until they have tubivex the contents of tybifex digestive systems. Cacing tubifex merujuk kepada sejenis cacing dari alam animalia, filum annelid dan genus tubificid. Continuous, mild water flow is to be maintained in the container, with a suitable drainage system. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

November Learn how and when to remove this template message. When harvested from sewers, open bodies of water, and even from hatcheries, they may czcing infected with various diseases. Habitat atau biotope cacing ini merangkumi kawasan mendapan di tasik, sungai, dan kadang-kala boleh merebak ke kawasan berair kumbahan. Canadian Journal of Zoology. Using these worms as a live food has come with certain problems over the years. Additionally, they are very difficult for some cacingg to obtain in the wild, so certain fish, such as Rift Valley cichlids, will obsessively consume them until they make themselves sick.

They have been a popular food for the aquarium trade almost since its inception, and gathering them from open sewers for this purpose was quite common until recently. Background Citations. Methods Citations. Results Citations.

Figures and Tables from this paper. Citation Type. Has PDF. Publication Type. More Filters. Development of a culture techniques for Tubificid worm, under laboratory conditions. A rack culture system for Tubifex tubifex.

Highly Influenced. View 3 excerpts, cites background and results. Selection of suitable media and intervals of media inoculation for culturing Tubificid worms. View 5 excerpts, cites methods and background.